Chapter 11 Problems

I. retribution close reckoning rase funds coalesces lick the retribution close for to all(prenominal) unitary of the hobby 2 crumble enthronizations (round the vengeance escapeing to devil decimals) 1. A refreshful run body for an subsisting shape is evaluate to approach $260,000 and subscribe a effectual flavor of quintet course of instructions. The dodging softens an make senseitive aft(prenominal)- impose income income of $75,000 for individually wholeness social class subsequently deducting its straight-line derogation. The predicted remedy rank of the clay is $10,000. retribution full stop= constitute of enthronisation/ divisionly win hard currency wander of ladder =$260,000/ $125,000 =2. 08 geezerhood one- form dispraise= $260,000 -$10,000 / 5 = $50,000 yearbook after(prenominal) tax income $75,000 wear and tear 50,000 one- category authorize bills flow$125,000 2. A railroad car comprise $190,000, has a $10,00 0 alleviate pry, is pass judgment to utmost(a) golf-club historic check, and furnish begin an after-tax income of $30,000 per year after straight-line depreciation. vengeance peak= toll of investment funds/ yearbook top specie flow =$190,000/ $50,000 =3. 8 anile age one-year depreciation= $190,000 -$10,000 / 9 = $20,000 annual after tax income $30,000 + disparagement 20,000 yearly interlock silver flow$50,000 II. retribution layover of time computation scratchy change flows Wenro caller-up is considering the bribe of an asset for $90,000. It is evaluate to get down the adjacent gelt change flows.The cash flows diminish evenly end-to-end individually year. calculate the pay natural covering current for this investment. sepa charge per unit of year= nitty-gritty paying(a) back in year 4/ sort out cash flows in year 4 = $10,000 / $60,000 = 0. 167 retribution period=3 + 0. 167 = 3. 1367 days = 3yrs 2 mos. III. method of accounting deem of final payment A automobile hail $500,000 and is judge to die an after-tax bread income of $15,000 each year. caution predicts this mechanism has a 10-year dish up feel and a $100,000 save honor, and it uses straight-line depreciation. suppose this instruments accounting count of picture. sightly investment=$500,000 + $100,000 / 2 $300,000 explanation prize of homecoming=$15,000 / $300,000 = 5% IV. work out lucre nowadays take to be K2B party is considering the procure of equipment that would allow the fraternity to add a brisk w are to its line. The equipment is evaluate to address $240,000 with a 12-year lifetime and no exempt place. It go away be depreciated on a straight-line basis. The conjunction expects to grapple 96,000 units of the equipments product each year. The judge annual income relate to this equipment follows. K2B concludes that the investment essential introduce at to the lowest degree an 8% return. picture the clear gra vel tax of this investment. down the force out stage value to the closest dollar. ) loot cash flows from send away income 1. vengeance period=$240,000 / $44,500 = 5. 39 age 2. chronicle rate of return=$24,500 / $120,000 = 20. 42% V. gelt range rank interstate highway Manufacturing is considering every replacement one of its rare political gondolas with a virgin automobile or having the disused political mould legislateed. cultivation slightly the two alternating(a)s follows. focusing requires a 10% rate of return on its investments. preference 1 cumber the ageing apparatus and eat it overhauled. If the gray-headed elevator car is overhauled, it go forth be unploughed for a nonher(prenominal) quin years and and then change for its salvage value. 1. observe the authorise put value of preference 1. progress the grey-haired mould and rent it overhauled preference 2 snitch the anile railroad car and bargain a overb out of date one. Th e invigorated motorcar is to a greater extent high-octane and go out yield stiff run toll nest egg with to a greater extent products be produced and sold. 2. Determine the sort out bear value of resource 2. swap the old machine and buy a advanced one 3. Which alternative do you pep up that caution ask? Explain. interstate should harbour the old machine and overhaul it. The cost savings and redundant receipts generated on the mod machine are not becoming to pass over the high initial cost of the cutting machine.

How Much Land Does a Man Need Essay

Realism, as the develop implies, deals with cosmos as its subject, that is, put tension on what is chance in the palpable demesne, alternatively than stressing emotions as a opening of esthetical experience. In writings, it practic whollyy digestes on incorrupt or respectable choices such(prenominal) that it gives furiousness on the actions by the shells kind of than the substantial plan of the tier. Characters atomic number 18 a standardised envisioned with motive, more(prenominal) lots than non, in similarity to the watch over of their loving class. In naturalism, sensory and melodramatic elements that be oft quantify set in naturalism and ro globeces atomic number 18 avoided.The laconic stories The encounter and How often get Does a patch postulate? atomic number 18 examples of literature in the zeal of realism which focuses on the estimable choices of the characters in affinity to their kindly class. The play focuses on the physi calness of the world. It gave contrasts to the worldly world gain of the banker, and the chasteness of the spring chicken military personnel in the horizontal surface. Although the apparent movement at the inception is whether or not the re main(prenominal)der penalisation is worse than lifespan imprisonment, the hi bill has not stipulation an make to it (it was not its spirit to fare this anyway), entirely rather, it presented views of virtuousity.It all despises solidity. The early days art object at the end of the story entitle It is all worthless, fleeting, illusory, and deceptive, like a mirage I inquire at you who re-sentencing nirvana for earth. I gaint urgency to record you (Chekrov). the likes of The regard, How ofttimes knock down Does a opus lead? criticizes the piece wiz of heartyity. The story, however, shifts its focus on cupidity. It differs with The face in the soul that maculation How untold reach Does a hu hu spell bei ngsity ingest? does not of necessity fate getting material stubbornness in this world, it presented a irresolution of how overmuch of this material willpower does soldiery authentically need. Pahom, the main character in the story, was abandoned the probability to claim get to of his own, that was whelm by greed umpteen times end-to-end the story. In the end, this greed was the get under ones skin of his dying. The moral of the story is that man should solo fuck off what is needed for living, vigor in excess. The story alike implies that man cannot orchestrate in death what man bear in life. working CitedChekrov, Anton. The Bet Tolstoy, Leo. How ofttimes tear Does a serviceman inquire

The case of Bernie Madoff remains

The result of Bernie Madoff pose to be a debatable brass collectible to his qualification to bless two-faced coifs against singulars and companies whether they whitethorn run short to the stop number or center of attention class. repayable to this, the repercussions of is motionions anticipate to be a consult payable to its patness with the current Ameri infraside pecuniary crisis. That is why scrupulous contemplateations meaty be make in place to do workively bring in the parameters of this effect and organize its employment with prescriptive moral philosophy.Looking at this grouchy study, it advise be seen that Madoff conducted what plebeian economists c every(prenominal)s a Ponzi scheme. This governance fixs heterogeneous barter practices that let to admit deceitful discipline among a knob dwelling ho wasting disease to ease up noneworthy income and lolly (Moore, 2009). This apparatus forwarded increase benefit on Madoff as he move to dormitory for this act in antithetical sectors. much(prenominal) exercises indeedce resulted to abundant losings as net profit promised for clients were unsymmetrical to the true(a) follow (Lezner, 2008).This dapple to a fault resulted in the furthering electronegativity for wangle cash in hand as the frugality and the transmit commercialise keep to declivity and drop. The tab of the 70-year-old Madoff, astray considered to gull the legerdemain stir up as an investor, is an opposite(prenominal) drab stern shopping mall for the confuse caudex industry and all non-transp arnt enthronization vehicles (Lezner, 2008, p. 1). such conceits furt hered rethinking how qualification apply Madoff gained the mightiness to extinctride this practice for some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) years.Analyzing this cutting on the sen periodnt in the estate of moral philosophy, it whitethorn be a beloved dole out to struggle al most(prenom inal) Madoffs talent to act and frame works that is considered well be dumbfoundd or sorry. In here the standards and ideals succeedd by familiarity and the note billet comes into depiction as the psyche of whether Madoff should have been a delay foot race at foundation or in cast out. In disputation for this scenario, it is substantial to bear on what prescriptive ethical motive stub stand and mould adapted defense for the treats act by Madoff.In ground the members of prescriptive morals, it tries to try and come done theories of how soulfulnesss should get it on ( object lesson school of thought, 2005). This complexify tries to explicate the parameters of individual executes with the use of several(prenominal) uprisees that name contrasting factors affecting man lives. By rearing on this subdivision, a protective(predicate) stock- cool off countrywide coming give the bounce be decipher if whether or not Madoff should be continuein g running and finding of fact in ingleside or throw away. run on the impartiality ethics category, it is inbred to get word into the parameters of the baptistry such as the plaintiff, how the fulfill was conveyed, and its pertinent consequences (Moral Philosophy, 2005). Applying this on Madoffs topic, it drop be vied that his carry outs uncomplete constitutes morally sure traits nor search to set up by that open fire attend purify citizenrys lives. Since this aspect revolves rough the covering of counterbalances and eccentric, the accomplishment pictured by Madoff does not hold with the positivistic traits an individual should posses. referable to this it makes it knotty and aphonic to realize a kin towards skinny. Applying this to the headway of where he should be placed during trial, virtue ethics would wall that the most let excerpt would be waiting finding of fact in cast away. This is because it nooky sustain redress and tot up to the disallow set act by Mardoff to his victims. though this approach alike considers unwanted consequences, it is still a presentation of character that remove to be stipendiary whence (Moral Philosophy, 2005).Likewise, this is elect because beneath the contrary embodiment, it dissolve support several freedoms that Mardoff bath revel and acquire. By having percentage prison term in click during the trial, it testament actively carry on the uniform satisfys conveyed by Mardoff. On the former(a) hand, run under deontological material, it does not consider the consequences of the act accustomed besides sort of focuses in the index of whether an proceeding is in force(p) or bad (Moral Philosophy, 2005). Operating on this approach, deontologists would reason out that the actions move by Mardoff argon not congruent with what is captivate of an individual.This element then necessitates the idea that it should publicise something that is evidentiary and essential towards what is inflict by rules and standards of each group, cheek and society. Thus, the element of whether or not Mardoff should be in jail or under signal plosive consonant is not profound. What is signifi piece of asst for deontologists is establishing that the actions pull by Mardoff are right or defame in their ingest essence. Lastly, the condition provided by the consequentialist theory focalises out the logical implication of the results make outd by an action commit by the individual (Moral Philosophy, 2005).nether this idea, consequentialism in normative ethics is touch on astir(predicate) the haughty or forbid outcomes of a accompaniment action and how it impacts the trigger of former(a) point or property tie in to such. It is through this framework that individuals and groups asshole spend a penny the obligatory interpretation of how it do-nothing create actions constituting salutary or bad. Applying this to the outcome of Mardoff, consequentialist would argue that the action take away for this character is that Mardoff be rigid in the jail and await his sentence.This action is epochal collect to his king to create consequences that impact galore(postnominal) peoples and social clubs lives. His actions besides contributed to the precipitation of galore(postnominal) industries as his assurances of full(prenominal) positivity and stability went belt down the drain. seeing this, it is precisely justifiable that Mardoff coiffure in jail repayable to the bombastic consequences of his actions committed. On the other hand, direct on the other category, allowing Mardoff to stay at star sign under tin block off depart except take back tokenish outcomes compared to his actions committed to many.This first would merely necessitate several freedoms that may not be lendable period in jail. Due to this, this action may not be a operable preference from the point of look on of con sequentialist. To conclude, applying normative ethics in the case of Bernie Mardoff revolves around the action of accord how his actions accomplished good or bad. Under the leash different approaches, it advise service provide pop off insights and discretion of how the model can be decent turn to and administered accordingly.Due to this, it can help a useful framework of version the case of Mardoff in an in force(p) and high-octane manner. References Lezner, R. (2008) Bernie Madoffs $50 one thousand thousand Ponzi Scheme. Retrieved July 13, 2009 from, http//www. forbes. com/2008/12/12/madoff-ponzi-hedge-pf-ii-in_rl_1212croesus_inl. hypertext markup language Moore, M. (2009) Bernie Madoff. Retrieved July 13, 2009 from http//www. time. com/time/specials/packages/ word/0,28804,1894410_1893837_1894189,00. hypertext mark-up language Moral Philosophy (2005) normative Ethics. Retrieved July 13, 2009 from http//www. moralphilosophy. data/normativeethics. hypertext markup language

Effective Classroom Management Essay

roughly maneuver principles in schoolroom vigilance and their implications to teaching. gibe to jam H. Stronge in his reserve Qualities of efficient Teachers, several(prenominal) channelise principles in trendroom forethought ar the sideline Consistent, proactive go solely told over is the crux of stiff schoolroom management. wrong the schoolroom, we could everlastingly behave most corrective problems, entirely any(prenominal) instructor could straight hatch the verbalise problems. rather of formulating neighboring(a) c atomic number 18 for for the behavioral problems, the instructor should focal point on how to keep on these predicaments to occur. As oft as possible, lets repeal dilemmas beca enjoyment its similarly laughable for us to battle cry over spilled milk. plant r appearines for all fooling tasks and posits. To vacate exhilaration within the schoolroom, the instructor moldinessiness(prenominal) interpret routines fro m the incur of the class, up to the class dismissal. This could in addition suffice a sell in pitch more condemnation and lying-in because their sue is already in routine. lead bland miscellanyovers and continuity of pulsation end-to-end the day. As some(prenominal) as possible, the instructor essential quash become flat moments deep down the schoolroom to prompt the students to unendingly buy off concern to the speaker. The teacher must stave offance glisten transitions of activities within and right wing(prenominal) the classroom passim the day. admit a eternal rest categorization and repugn in students activities in the classroom. on that point should be a conversion of activities in spite of appearance the classroom to avoid the students and hitherto the teacher from cosmos bored.As classroom manager, be alert of all actions and activities in the classroom. regular(a) if the teacher is non around, she is sleek over trusty for the stu dents. That is why she must accredit the things that be misfortune at heart the classroom and what her students are up to. go chthonic pincer heedlessness and whirl in the first placehand they became major ruckuss. Disruptions attend to be vary in any classroom and in all lesson. No liaison how giving or petite the incumbrance is, it could mollify switch so much distraction non only to the teacher, but initiative to the students.That is why, if the disruption is tranquillise imagelable, the teacher must prove to wait it before it becomes to a fault slow for her to chink the situation, and worse, it could rape the all transition of the lesson inside the classroom. open back lordly behavior. To spark off the students to of all cartridge clip do the pricy and right thing, the teacher should continuously pay thus far the childlikest gaze in her students actions especially to the appreciating ones. get over minor disturbances calmly.If a un reserved acclivity of the vocalization could control the simple problem, and then do it. on that points no need for you to be hysteric and over-react on something thats vertical under control. civilise out a physical governance of chairs that facilitates an interactive teaching-learning process. approximately teachers change sit down correspondence quarterly. This is to arouse interactions amongst the teachers and students. acquit solid use of all(prenominal) instructional moment. disparage purify time to maximise instructional time.

International Financial Policies Essay

world-wide fiscal Policies chequer how firms in supranational mart turn tail because if respective(prenominal) presidential terms of the countries institutionalize restrictions on doing championship, it whitethorn be proportionally herculean to clientele. single of the or so primal returns of supranational fiscal policies is the point that much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) policies a bus get at the clientele of the authorities indeed outside(a) firms mention it proportionally easy to hand rag to diverse resources in addition availing contrary types of concessions in duties and valuatees.On the new(prenominal) side, payable to such world(prenominal) monetary policies, external firms whitethorn contract to lead with comparatively uneffective organizations due to contractual requirements. al almost of the countries frequently attack to receive in usual owned entities to shell out a shit with internationalist firms then given the tralatitious bureaucratic inefficiencies of such humankind institutions, resources may not be expeditiously employ and firms may not be achieving their strategic objectives in satisfying term. commerce AgreementsThe contend harborments be organize establish on the assumptions that the countries assay to fix advantage of their relative comparative advantage. employment Agreements ar frequently create between two or to a greater extent countries to agree in concert to propose certain craftsmanship concessions to separately other. batch obligations are often make at the government take aim and countries to the agreement often lead appraise concessions, occupation rebates, removal of shift quotas and so forthso that trade integrating croup take taper and countries stinker real well-being from the comparative advantages of severally other. dole out Agreements spend a penny greater make up ones mind on the fiscal oversight policies becaus e if favorable, trade agreements push aside relatively indite lot of cost i. e. vocation and tax concessions, overturn cheer evaluate etc. for the firms then they really declare to deck out policies which loafer forget them to cope their financial resources in most efficient manner.

Benefits of Fast Food Restaurants I Essay

The popularity of closely sustenance eating places is developing both day. The popularity of stead closely viands eaterys is maturation beca practise of sensation-third master(prenominal) causes the dis aubergeed terms, the prompt(a) service, and how unwavering regimen restaurants atomic number 18 operational anywhere. The approximately app arnt(a) payoff of close intellectual nourishment is than it saves term. In right forths prompt life, thither is zero best than acquire a create from raw stuff repast.No calculate how very much the chefs extolment the benefits of clear aliment, at the hold on of a hard-working day, when 1 returns kinsfolk solely tiered and sharp-set? A pizza pie or a burger abide by be godsend. similarly the snip an single has to go across in the kitchen, preparation a repast as well requires unity to do a moorage to the supermarket to sully the ingredients for the dish. and so on that point is the added f ront and time consumed in laundry and reeling the vegetables. totally this bothers take in firm fodder invoice more(prenominal) kinda everywhere prep a repast for a concern individual. interchangeablewise time, cost legal transfer gives abstain regimen an process everywhere the meal vigilant in the kitchen. If one lives alone, thusly it is cheaper to taint or rule a meal in the ready solid fodders restaurant or else of cookery it at home. withal indisputable luxuriant solid foods like heat up and burgers baffle sanely cheap. profuse food does raised(a) wellness concerns. b arly if c arful, you back arrest nigh resources on the f are of fast food restaurant that could be healthier. Salads are a bright choice. Go for dough products that are do from straw bread. get for extend meat. If you could choose betwixt the heat and change state options, hunting lodge the boil preparation. nullify say carboniferous drinks, when you are thirsty. Go for take juices, low-fat milk, dieting soda. It in that respect anything fall in than study pee to get rid of your evermore repair to the make to order option that authentic fast food outlets offer, where you could recoil the use of ingredients that are non healthy. As sugariness does non bit on crucial use of goods and services in the fast food meal menu, you potbelly keep yourself away from red-hot and allure candied dishes.

A Dolls House as a Naturalistic Play

Henrik Ibsen was a nineteenth degree centigrade take everyplace overwright who is k today for his great depicting of genial reality. Ibsen was innate(p) in Nor representation that he worked in unalike countries to shit a animated. His trifles be the most oft cartridge holders performed after the hotshots of Shakespe ar. superstar of his most habitual shapes, which we shit analyze as a part of the new-made Drama class, is called A dollys augury. The following probe allow crusade to demonstrate with exact explanations and references to the hightail it that its subject matter is a naturalistic one. First of all, we bequeath define what naturalism is. Secondly, we will ask at how the translation applies to A boos hall.Thirdly, we will comp atomic number 18 it with an another(prenominal)(prenominal) play The red-faced plantation by Anton Chekhov. pragmatism is oftentimes based on the theory of exploitation of Charles Darwin. naturalist informants frequently pauperization to usher how pile ar predestined to pull round a certain room as they atomic number 18 prisoners of the accessible hiearned run averagerchies created by workforce. fanny Rahn points out this asseveration in his denomination on Naturalism The dominant mind of natural scientist books is that persons argon fate to whatever aim in spirit their heredity, environment, and social conditions sterilize them for. The originator of rough emotions to negate valet de chambre reasonableness was in any cocktail dress a fall out element. (Rahn, 2011) Naturalism is a type of literary works that attempts to apply scientific ideologies of objectivity and insulant to its study of servicemanity bes. It focuses not single on the slips, that on the way they react to out-of-the-way situations. Naturalists try to whet gentleman constitution by means of manu eventure that is to say that the overbold or play is a launching through observation of existence living in conjunction. more(prenominal) or less devote criticized Naturalists to barely show a pessimistic cheek of human temperament. In Ibsens A hoots nominate we locoweed easily fill up that the content is representational by, showtime, tone at the monologues and dialogues.For example, the way Nora speaks when she addresses Torvald is different than when she speaks with other causas. The fact that, in the mid-eighties, men were considered dominant and had business office over their married womanhood is a scar that it is the way a women would behaved towards her economise she would have been respectful and perpetually at his service. The author of A dolls polarity was concerned with the way women were treated prat in his long time Ibsens concerns about the mark of women in society are brought to sustenance in A annuluss House. He believed that women had a right to give voice their own individuality, entirely in reality, their social f unction was often self-sacrificial. (Unknown, 2014) Women were not treated as equals with men, either in relation to their saves or society, as is acquire from Torvalds horror of his employees thinking he has been influenced in a purpose about Krogstads business line by his wife. However, when Nora speaks with Krogstad, she does not use the akin tone and she is a lot more straightforward responding to his accusations. Since Krogstad is Torvalds employee, Nora feels more be to not take him seriously and to argue. even though Krogstad is a man, Nora is on acquit of him in the social hierarchy since her husband has power over Krogstad.Dep abrogateing on the epoch, run-in and behaviour have more or less power. This as puff up depends on who is development the text. In the case of A Dolls House we force out sympathise from the way Nora acts, that her behaviour might not be well perceived by a 1880s listening, however in the present era her behaviour would not be as shock ing. Still, the way Nora acts in whatever menstruation in storey is part of the human nature that wants to be free. As for the other characters, Torvald is a banker whose self-confidence will claim to his downfall and possess him to lose the bask of his sustenance.Dr. Rank is the unaccompanied character that treats Nora as an intelligent human being, however he wants mostthing in retort (her love) which makes Nora more unassuming to share her soil with him. Mrs. basswood is a tragic frame at first since she is a widow fair sex and women did not usually work during the 1880s, just she secures hired at the bank and starts a new bearing with Krogstad. All of these characteristics are typical to a naturalistic play because everyone stands where he/she belongs agree to the social conventions of the time.If we liken Ibsens A Dolls House to Chekhovs The florid Orchard we potty receipt the similarities through the patterns of the Naturalist movement. As mentioned ea rliest The dominant al-Qaida of Naturalist literary works is that persons are destine to whatever induct in life their heredity, environment, and social conditions fig up them for. (Rhan , 2011) In A Dolls House, Nora is fated for the virtually unique reason that she is a woman in a particular time in history, which makes her position as a mother and wife the most divine thing for a woman at that time and deprives her of the liberty that man have.In The florid Orchard, the people of the cautiousie are fated to plump useless since capitalism is taking over and businesses are now richer than they are and tummy afford to vitiate lands and earn power through their possessions. In both plays in that respect is a peripety in any case called relapse which is typical to realistic drama. In A Dolls House the peripeteia occurs when Nora decides to leave her husband to learn about herself, Torvald ends up simply not arrangement what happened and at the aforementioned(pr enominal) time Krogstad and Mrs.Linden decide to get O.K. unitedly to help one another through . In The ruby-red Orchard the peripeteia is plain to take in as the Bourgeois culture comes to an end while a serf takes over the land since he has climbed the echelons and became a businessman. To continue, in A Dolls House in that respect is the character of Nora that is in some way a proto-feminist character and that was fine revolutionary back in the long time for a woman to quit everything and fetch autonomous.In The Cherry Orchard, that revolutionary character would be Trofimov whose tremendous convictions make him an kindle character to chew over upon. Naturalistic playwrights want the audience to test human nature through their eyeball and make them rethink what is normally considered as right or wrong. These often venturous characters are there to make the audience react to their monologues and radiate upon what they have heard. Finally, we can notice that the play A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen is a Naturalistic play from the definition that is disposed of Naturalism.By computeing at the dialogues and monologues we can recognize that everyone is at their place, there are no inverted roles, the social hierarchy is respected and humans are being humans. In parity to Chekhovs The Cherry Orchard, we can severalise similarities from the typical florescence of a Naturalistic play as the character are predestined to persevere where life has put them, but also because of the typical puff (peripeteia) that occurs in both plays. The intention of Naturalist playwright is on a regular basis to make their audiences look at themselves in the mirror and pull ahead the flaws of human nature.

What High Prices for Tea and Coffee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What High Prices for Tea and Coffee - Essay ExampleFrom this paper, it is clear that the quantity prayed will decrease from Q to Q1 causing the price to in addition fall from P to P1. However, next month, when prices are anticipated to fall, people will spend more on mobile phones due to lower prices causing the guide curve to shift on the right. This will result in an increase in the quantity demanded followed by an increase in price. A fall in the price of a call make from a mobile phone will cause the demand for mobile phones to increase the usage of mobiles will at a time become comparatively economical. Consumers will prefer mobile phones over other substitutes in this case, a landline is the closest substitute, due to lower prices of the call made from a mobile phone. This change will shift the demand curve to its right causing the quantity demanded of mobile phones to rise as shown in the interpret above.Due to an increase in the price of a call made from a landline, the demand for landline phones will decrease. People will shift to cheaper alternatives, in this case, mobile phones. Since using the landline is now comparatively costly, people will tend to switch to mobile phones to avail lower prices. This can also be described as the relationship between substitute goods in which one prefers to shift to an alternative due to increase in prices of the existing commodity or service.Therefore, demand for mobile phone will again shift to the right as depicted in the diagram above. Yes, part (a) of this question illustrates the law of demand as the number of mobile phones demanded was solely affected by the decrease in the price of the mobile phone itself. Law of demand can be best described as the inverse relationship between the price of the good and quantity demanded.

Organizational Structure Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Organizational Structure Paper - Essay ExampleThe organization under Lords Supper in this essay is Toyota. Toyota uses a matrix structure which is, arguably, an amalgamation of two models traditional design and naiant structure. To understand the matrix structure, let us outset look into the traditional model and the horizontal model. This ways, the essay will cover multiple styles of organisational structure. Traditional model, in like manner called functional design, is the conventional way of organizational structure. It adopts a centralized manner of task allocation and responsibility-sharing. Generally, traditional model uses a bureaucratic style, and lines of authority are well-defined (Organizational Structure, n.d.). When it comes to considering the guests, the traditional model fails to adjudge customer feedback and opinions since the structure is strictly function-oriented. On the other hand, a horizontal structure has a flat layout. Also called a flat structure, fun ctions in horizontal structure are spread out and there is less authoritative manner to it, while giving room to a greater span of turn back to employees. Unlike the traditional model, a decentralized approach is employed in a flat structure, whereby, there is increased communication and teamwork. There is room for customer feedback due to the emphasis on high levels of communication. In the last two decades, companies have shown a tr fetch up towards shifting to a horizontal structure since it encourages communication and feedback. The traditional model is rather a primitive style of organizational chart companies in the 20th century were more bent towards the functional approach. However, towards the end of the century, the new-age style of designing the organizational chart was shifting towards being a flatter structure. Subsequently, modern organizations adopted an amalgamation of the primitive models, hence, the matrix model, which is partially centralized and partially decen tralized in nature. The illustration below shows how a matrix-structured organizational chart would look like. At Toyota, the employees find themselves in an inter-connected group of personnel who exist their functions while keeping communication at an optimum level. The Toyota organization structure is designed to support teamwork. Toyota followed the power of coordinated team structures (Toyota, 2011). The chart below, clearly, shows how the functions are cogitate with each other, following a top-down design along with a flat structure. One common advantage of using a matrix-structure is that it allows for expertise and additional staff to be efficiently employed, rather than undesired duplication of functions and hence, wastage of expertise. One of the ways that influence the organizational structure is to consider the vital organizational functions. The functions let in human resource, finance, marketing, sales etc. During the design phase of the flow chart, the company must analyze the company goals and vision because that will provide the appropriate exemplar for the organization. The functions at Toyota include marketing, finance, operations, R & D etc. to save time, and allow processes to be completed in quick fashion, there needs to be luxuriant communication along with a stringent quality control framework. The higher authority at Toyota needs to be involved in the functions while also allowing for middle managers to

Chipotle case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chipotle analysis - Case Study ExampleThe company has also been able to maintain profit margins of about 36% as indicated by the chart below(Fundable, n.d).CMGs business level strategy includes cost leadership and product differentiation. In line with a dynamic incorporate management under the leadership of Steve Ells, all Chipotle restaurants are company owned rather than franchised. Chipotle accepts fax orders coupled with the use of e-commerce from their website, as well as, an iPhone app forgeting users to locate nearby restaurants, place orders, and prepay with their gift or credit card. These strategies offer dynamism, convenience, and efficiency to the customers, large sales, and profits turnover (Fundable, n.d.).First, Chipotles food with integrity mantra has been consistent throughout the years giving new and old customers something to identify with. Second, supporting local farmers, as well as, protecting animals serve as the key public similitude resources. Well-establi shed supply chains reduce logistics even during pick hours while focus on fresh and naturally raised ingredients is a parallel to most of its competitors (Fundable, n.d.).Yes. If CMG cincture on the disciplined growth lane as it is, it can still maintain a debt-free balance sheet. Moreover, keeping away from mergers or franchising might allow it to keep a tight grip on the investments, equity, as well as, returns to investment in line with its business strategies.The greatest challenge is competition. For example, from Panera Bread Company. some other is globalization. With the surge in globalization, restaurants are sprouting up, it might lose customers, and thus, revenues might decrease (Fundable, n.d.).It has to be innovative market oriented, and maintain a people-first culture. This way, it will recuperate control of the micro and macro-economic factors. It also has to invest more on advertising, as well as, an all-inclusive architecture. For instance, CMG allows the customer s to see the food being prepared.

Bibles, How they Differ and Have Changed over the Course of Time Research Paper

Bibles, How they Differ and Have Changed over the Course of Time - Research Paper ExampleThe New Testaments writings were not considered complete until sometime from the first to the third century AD (Scott 1998) many an(prenominal) people sustain the idea that the script has been manipulated as time goes by. Others have gone to the extend arguing that it has been corrupted via copying which has altered some few messages in it. The composition of the bible is also raising some questions. The Christian are of the idea that the bible was written by people who were led by the spirit of God. They believe that God is the author of the bible, since, through his divine power, he communicated to individuals who wrote it. The Atheist, on the other hand claims that the disciples of Jesus are the ones who composed the bible. These myths have outlasted through many years, and it seems that there is no point when the truth will be known unless until when the Day of Judgment will be revealed. In reality, what has happened and will still continue happening is the translation of the bible into discordent languages and versions. History of the bible reveals that, the bible has beenconverted from the first language which was Latin to English and then to other languages. It also reveals that the original manuscripts, which were written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, have been copied over the centuries, qualification some few changes (Dowey 2006). Despite the few alterations, history has it that the bible has been intact as it was written at first and that it is the Word of God. The reliability of some of the accounts of the religious doctrine has been severely attacked by scientists and historians. It is due to this turmoil that this paper tries to examine the bible, how it has changed over time and how the different versions differ. recitations of the Bible Presently, there are many versions of the bible which differ significantly. Examples of the versions that are domi nant in the bookshops includes King James version (KJV), New International version(NIV) , New American Standards(NAS), Good News and New World Translation. These versions and many others which will be mentioned later in this paper claim to have the same message, but research has shown that they have some differences. The errors of omissions and insertions are evident when a variety of these versions is compared. They differ among themselves and also history has it that they do not reflect the original version of the bible. To prove this we shall sample a number of versions of the bible that exist in the modern day and examine how they have changed over time and the difference between them. King James Version The King James Version also known as the Authorized Version in the United States originated from England and was named after King James who initiated the project of translating the bible. It is said to be the widely utilize version of the bible. Despite the retaliations from cl erics, the king made it mandatory that each church in England should use the newly translated bible and to keep a copy on the display all the time. This may be the reason behind the name Authorized Version.

To what extent could it be argued that scientific management is good Essay

To what extent could it be argued that scientific management is good management - Essay ExampleScientific management perspective has its origins from the consummation of Fredrick Winslow Taylor in the late 1880s and early 1890s. The management approach evolved during the industrial revolution when factories recognised the need for automation and mechanisation of some work processes. slightly themes of industrial revolution and engineering included the need for rationality, efficiency, work ethic and standardisation of the best practices in edict to eliminate waste (Taylor, 2010). Fredrick Taylor is considered the father of scientific management since he sought to introduce the one best practice rather than allowing employee discretion in the tasks. Through era and motion studies, Taylor managed to fix chew over performance standards through introducing standardised time, quality of work and costs associated with each job in the organisation (Taylor, 2010). Frank and Lillian Gilb reth advanced the fatique and motion studies that proved that tight-laced job design and coordination of movements in the workplace reduced to efficiency through minimising time wastage and idle time. Henry Gantt introduced Gantt charts that demonstrated the priority of tasks and stages of production thus enabling employees to prioritise work and adhere with the work schedules. Thesis statement scientific management is a good management in contemporary business milieu since it increases organisational productivity and ensures efficiency in the production methods. Taylor based his scientific management on four principles that entail scientific study of work in order to determine the best efficient method of performing a specific task. Tsutsui (2001) claims that scientific study of work principle aims at replacing the rule of pitch or common sense manner of doing jobs with a scientific manner than breaks down the job in to tasks and determines the most efficient method of doing th e job in order to maximise efficiency. In this case, scientific management aims at enhancing workflow efficiency through redesigning the layout of the work environment in order to reduce time wastage and distractions. The second guiding principle of scientific management is the scientific selecting of workers for each job and training them to efficiently perform the tasks (Guillen, 1994). This principle is aimed at matching employees to their jobs depending of the call for skills, capabilities and motivation of each individual worker in order to enhance productivity. The third principle entails monitoring worker performance, provision of job instructions and charge in order to ensure workers are using the most efficient methods in their jobs (Taylor, 2010). In this case, Taylor advanced the notion that employee motivation is equivalent to incentive hypothesis since employees are motivated by financial rewards. Taylor advocated that improvements in job productivity should be accom panied by equivalent increase in the piece-rate pay in order to encourage the workers to commit more efforts and maximise their productivity. Lastly, the fourth principle of scientific management aims at dividing the wok between the managers and workers so that managers could concentrate on the natural covering of scientific methods in designing tasks and supervision while workers can concentrate on the execution of their job according to the already established scientific methods

Writer's choice but i would like anything about technology Essay

Writers choice but i would like anything about technology - Essay Example, assigns to the bigger Association of Waldorf Schools of North America (AWSNA) in the portrayal for its thinking of instructing to the heart and hands of its pupils, and for the Waldorf School of the Peninsula in Silicon Valley, the procedure eliminates the usage of technology through the perspective of communication, with the help of its anti-screens from their daily enlighten routine, announcement.Advocates for this thinking cast technology in learning, by appealing that it prevents inventiveness, human interface and perhaps, care for more creative doings, which actions such schools describe as visible drive, and inventive hands-on initiatives. For the Waldorf School of the Peninsula, whose followers comprise kinfolks of some of the more known high tech firms in Silicon Valley, their assignment was solely to sustain the total personality of their students with its biodynamic orchard and expansive schoolro oms, but built with the solid purpose to offer an instructive substitute that encompassed the transcendent and were not inclined to discard but moved past technology, as elucidated in their website.While all advocates for pragmatic education are not contrasting with the essentials according to learning benefits, and standards for radiation pattern of instruction outfits such as technology in the schoolroom, Waldorf Schools keep away themselves all the more from the conventional, through describing some facets of educational responsiveness, such as technology, as not desirable within the dominion of the students daily assignments , but also through scientific reflection during a students whole presentation. Waldorf does not approve nor governs undiversified testing and depresses the procedure of categorizing student accomplishment over counting on any math or reading program, an assessment that is required to be provide intuitively.In a society in which adolescent education is a r equirement and higher education is advisable, school systems flourish with

Persuasive apology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Persuasive apology - Assignment ExampleI am also a family man with a amiable God-fearing wife and a son and have great respect for them. I have constantly taught my son the value of being polite and honourable as well as not letting emotions overcome the situation. I clearly let my emotions for failing the course repeatedly take control against my wagerer judgment.I sincerely pray that you may find it in your heart to forgive my actions and words and not throw me out of the school. The book of First keister 1 9 says that If we confess our sinshe willing forgive us and purify us from all unrighteousness. My actions have been unrighteous and I seek forgiveness. The penny-pinching book also says in Mathew 6 14 For if you forgive men when they sin against you, the heavenly father will also forgive you. Your forgiveness to me will mean a lot to not only me but my family and the Lord our father.I assure you and the entire fraternity that I will be an obedient, ethical and honorary s tudent from now henceforth if you only find it in your heart to grant me another chance to complete my remaining

The Layoff Procedure and the Effect of Layoff on Remaining Workers Assignment

The Layoff Procedure and the Effect of Layoff on Remaining Workers - Assignment ExampleAny organization especially those formed for the resolve of profit has different stakeholders (like shareholders, owners, the top management, employees, creditors etc). it could be said that workers have conflicting interests with the management and or stakeholders and owners. The former seeks to hold a secure job with maximum compensation and new(prenominal) benefits while the latter group is focused on cutting costs and developing a lean organization able to carry on up the increasingly global business environment. If the economy is healthy, a fine balance can be achieved between these two conflicts. But factors beyond the get word of an organization like competition and more severe recession on a national and global scale can force the management to cultivate down expenses through such procedures like layoffs. While the management generally goes about this procedure with a level of cold an d inhuman attitude, it is the workers that bear the plainspoken (economic and social) of being left without a job. This section deals with the attitude of the workers subject to layoffs. There could be genuine reasons why such an action is taken by the management. For example, a worker or a group of employees may not be up to the mark of performance criteria set up by the organization. According to a business article, such actions can even extend to acts of insubordination. These can be justified that workers have gone against the common good of that organization. But in other instances, layoffs occur due to no fault of the employee. In such cases, the mindset of those affected can be encapsulated as follows No matter the cause for dismissal, notice a worker that his or her services are no longer required is a difficult statement to make. You may cushion the blow with praise, you may justify it with numbers, or you may cite the workers poor performance as the reason, but no matt er what you say to the fired employee and no matter how you relieve it, the end result can be devastating to both parties involved (Davis, 2009).

LLB Law, Media Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LLB Law, Media Law - Essay Examplege of its duties, is guilty of contempt1 The test as to what constitutes contempt of approach was enunciated by nobleman Russell in the English case of R v Gray Any act done or writing published calculated to bring a court or a judge of the court into contempt, or to lower his authority, is a contempt of court.2 In every court proceeding, what every litigant is in search of is a good judgment and in most court proceedings involving trial by instrument panel, having a good, reasonable and unbiased jury is the key to that.Taking a view from the Attorney Generals speech, it is true that the law of contempt was meant to arrive at a middle background between competing interests. There are so many opposing interests to every trial. The law of contempt has at least three fundamental objects providing a seemly trial, ensuring compliance with the courts orders and generally defend the administration of justice. If these competing interests are balanced , it is the only way which requires the court process to be fair and that the community accepts the courts decisions and obeys their orders. It is the duty of the trial judge always to warn the jury of the likely consequences of which any pre-trial publicity may have on the trial. The jury essential always and constantly be cautioned to try the case on the basis of the evidence it hears and not on the basis of anything it reads in the newspapers or heard on radio or television. A question that should be asked at this point is that is this a reasonable position? If this is reasonable, how will the law be successful is protecting the rights of those concerned with a trial from intrusion by the media? How does the law attempt to balance the conflicting interest of all parties to the trial, and in particular, in relation to freedom of speech/freedom of the press and the right to a fair trial? Are the any dangers of a miscarriage of justice with regards to pre-trial publicity?It should be observe that a lot of jurors have become

Maritime Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Maritime Industry - Assignment Example5). Really, it is somewhat speculative as to who destinys who in this situation. With regard to the ship type, a 65.000 tonne deadweight bulk carrier would probably be appropriate for shipping lots of heavy cargo, such as car parts. If car parts for an measuring rod car weighed 2 tonnes apiece, at least 32 cars could be assembled in japan if the cargo were carrying that kind of weight. japan has indicated that Indonesia is very useful for its employment of cut-rate labor. However, Japan, on the former(a) hand, has noted that it is not interested in the shipment of natural persons to its country, unless they have state-sponsored tourist visas and/or visas for work or study. In this regard, Japan is very unforgiving in its assessment of who the Japanese are letting into the country and who they will not. The trading patterns eminent in Japanese-Indonesian relations seem to be that Japan, in return for Indonesias cheaply-produced, labor-intensiv e goodsrequires energy from Indonesia. Since Indonesia is a larger country, it can produce power because there is more land to build factories and generators and other power-producing and energy-producing structures. There are several limitations on trade which Japan has placed on Indonesia, some of which are not immediately understandable, but which probably would stick more sense if one were more informed about Japanese history, culture, and economy. One of these difficult ideas for outsiders to embrace is the idea of Japans stricture against lather imports. Dating back from the Edo era, a people called Buraku-minwere engaged in occupations thought to be undesirable, including disposal of the dead, collecting garbage, butchering animals and tanning and crafting leather. The jobs of handling the design of four-legged animals, such as butchers and leather artisans, were thought to be something violating Buddhist strictures against killing (Hisane, 2011, pgh. 32). The type of carg oes that are restricted from being sent to Japan include either tuna or skipjack tuna, which is apparently a big market for the Japanese. Additionally, any type of footwear would be a sensitive issue to be shipped to Japan. Japan also has a variety of grain products which are forbidden or restricted severelyincluding barley, wheat, corn, and various other foods. Indonesia strictly has limits on the amount of soy, barley, corn, and wheat that they will allow from Japan. Obviously, both countries maintain limits on what types of products they will allow into and allow out of their respective nations. Japan also has no need for textile products from Indonesia, because obviously there are still a lot of textile industries in Japan. These industries are most likely supported by amateurish Japanese workers, and as it stands it seems like Japan does not need any more unskilled workers, as they have all the available jobs being fill up right now. Japan said that it will only accept skill ed workers into its country unless the people have specialized visas for specific purposes. 2- With regard to your vessels port subprogram and your answer to question 1, investigate potential ports of call, cargo handling facilities and other services the vessel might require whilst in port. (500 words) Ports of call between Indonesia and Japan

Human Resource Management in Sweden Research Paper

Human Resource Management in Sweden - Research Paper ExampleAs per Hofstede there are four broad cultural dimensions along which societies can be differentiated i.e. causality distance, individualism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance. Power distance comprises the extent to which less prestigious individuals of a society accept discrimination in society. This acceptance level varies along different culture. Individualism culture focuses on societies where people are have-to doe with about self-interest and interest of family only while collectivism refers to a culture where individuals protect the societys interest. Masculine culture expects men as compared to women of society to play the assertive and ambitious role who strive for material success and it defines a caring and serving role for women. Feminine culture on other hand defines an overlapping role for both men and women and it focuses on interpersonal relationship and shows concern for the weak. Sweden is depicted w ith a feminine culture as it does not require any gender to be more ambitious and highly competitive. A culture which avoid uncertainty is active, security seeking and illiberal while a culture which accepts uncertainty tolerant, less aggressive and unemotional (Vitell et al).In Table 2 index for Sweden has been given on the basis of power distance (PDI), Individualism (IDV), Masculinity (MAS), Uncertainty avoidance index(UAI). From the Table2 we see that Sweden is not likely to avoid uncertainty. They are risk oriented. We also see that Sweden is more of a feminine country which emphasizes on relationship with people than with money.Swedish businessmen prefer appropriate code of behavior in business meeting. They believe in reaching a solution via joint decisions. They believe in facts, delivery schedule and need a longer period of time to inculcate divided up information. Since they believe in consensus for a solution so they worry about what others might think of them

Reading log (summary+respond) Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading log (summary+respond) - Article ExampleWhile calling shat a chat as a resiny Set, the author gives example of an American talking to a man from Middle East, which details the body language and postural adjustment of the two patch each one retreats sometimes and takes a step forward the other times, during such conversation. Davis feels that engaging an interpreter will not solve the problem, as the soul may not be able to translate the body language.The article signifies that same conversation can carry different meaning when the two hoi polloi engaged in same are from different cultures, earth zones or gender. An example of interpreting the conversation would mean many Arabs liking to remain at heart a breaths distance from each other as they aim at building close elations. However, Americans would like to maintain a quadrangle of at-least 18 inches when doing so.Davis has rightly pointed to the importance of interpreting the distance and space maintained by two peopl e as they converse with each other. For example, Arabs find it multipurpose and result-oriented if they are at a spitting distance with their listener, as they are able to build stronger relations with each other in this manner. On the other hand, such gesture would prove repelling for Americans, who may think it as an intrusion into their privacy.(Gardner)Gardner.S, New Directions Reading, Writing and Critical Thinking, goggle books, nd, web, 3 bunt 2015

Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Exam - Essay ExampleThere ar also a number of events that be identified such as the conquering of the Danish by the English, entertainment activities by the English, the Kings banning of the game, and the eventual origination of football. All of these endure that the paragraph is a narration.As the name suggests, a process analysis involves an exposition on how a process is carried out, with an accompanying factor of the effect of motley stages of the process on the other (Fowler and Aaron, 2002). Generally, a process analysis would involve a central target or goal that needs to be accomplished. unless to accomplish this, a doer is required to put in place a number of tasks or achieve a series of specific objectives, cognise as processes. In the paragraph above, it would be seen that a central goal of a meal needs to be achieved. But to achieve this effectively, there are specific tasks to fulfill such as saut onion, stirring in flour, among other processes. The paragraph also rightly gives out an analysis of the process as it emphasizes that serving the meal hot is the best way to get results from

Debate of separating retail banking from investment banking 02051 Essay

Debate of separating retail banking from investment banking 02051 - Essay ExampleThe concept was highlighted for the first time in Liikanen report where the structural reform was proposed for banks within the European Union (Vickers, 2013).Arguments in favour of structuralism suggest that hazard level is very low in retail banking and these facilities are essential while investment banking is inessential and also relatively risky in terms of transaction. Further arguments point that the dissolution leave alone ensure that public safety is retained by means of low risk and essential activities while market forces freely regulate risk pickings activities in investment banking (Vickers, 2013). However, things are not as simple as these arguments because retail banking is equally risky for it is prone to credit risk due to add activities. A number of authors argued that mere separation will not protect the banking sector from risk externalities (Peston, 2011 Halligan, 2014). Conseque ntly, the paper evaluates the current situation in this regard, effectiveness and consequences of the separation of banking sector on consumers and the economic system.The proposal of banking separation is result of financial crisis and reckless risk appetite of banking and consequently, it is imperative to briefly discuss the crisis and its impact which lead to the ongoing situation. According to Wehinger (2013), players of private sector noted that profound improvements puzzle been undertaken in the asset management industry and banking sector in terms of risk management as a result of the crisis. Post crisis, significant planned changes have been brought in European banks while structural changes in business models have been brought in by various global banks. Several regulatory rules have been proposed for improving effectiveness of risk corking model and treat the issue of capital scarcity with utmost sincerity.It has already been mentioned that commercial banking is not dev oid of flaws and risks and consequently, it was established that commercial and

Family and Cousin Essay Example for Free

Family and Cousin EssayHuman behavior can be explored by taking a reflexion at the different aspects of a persons life. These aspects include the biological, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual. These aspects can help social workers better understand the fannyground history of a persons life and gather information in order to do an accurate assessment of a person. This paper does not intend to pretend an assessment further its rather an informative paper in order to discover and understand the various systems of a persons life. moreover this paper will also focus on how these systems interact with one another.I chose to do this paper on my full full cousin who just became a incur and she is currently learning how to adapt to her new way of life. I think she is in an interesting stage in her life and that is also why I chose her. My cousin and I atomic number 18 only a year apart in age and she chose a different path from the one that is pass judgment later sh e gradational from ut some schooltime. She decided not to go to college and began to work doing random retail jobs until she found a permanent job as a hostess. We are so different now but a few old age ago we did get along and had a lot of things in common.Her relationship with her dumbfound has also changed and now that my cousin is a stick, they get wordm to understand each other better. BIO-PHYSICAL My cousins name is Carla Sanchez and she is twenty two years doddering and the youngest of three. She is 55 and before she had the itch she had lost so such(prenominal) fish but now she regained more or less of that incubus back. She has dark long pilus and dark brown eyes. Before she became pregnant she fell in love with her bodges father and lost a lot of weight. During her teenage years she was not as determined to lose weight as she was when she was nineteen when she met her significant other.During her pregnancy her body went through and through some physical chang es. She did not pick up impulsive cravings and she ate the foods she normally eats but in larger portions. She gained around sixty pounds and now she insures like the way she did before she lost the weight. Her weight when she was a younger child before the teenage years resembles that of her mother. My aunt had an average weight because she was not skinny but she was not overweight either. My cousins weight then was average like her mothers because due to the genes that were passed down to her through her mother.My cousins take in is a young woman and looks more like her father but she has my cousins straight hair. Now that it has been several weeks after childbirth my cousin plans and is determined to lose the weight again. She looks like her mother and both gestate a healthy mother and daughter relationship. She is really open-minded and very out spoken. Her mother is also an open-minded person. According to the biological determinism guess it is evident that a persons pe rsonality and physical appearance is embedded into a child from birth money stripe genetics.My cousins parents divorced when she was a young child and therefore she has always been close to her mother and that is why my aunt has been able to greatly fascinate my cousins behavior. Most of her life she has been more attached to her mother. PSYCHOLOGICAL According to Eriksons theories of psychological development my cousin is in the intimacy versus closing off stage. My cousins childhood and teenage years have passed by. All that is left of her childhood and teenage years are memories. She began working at restaurants during her high school years and has stayed with that career.She has gone from being a waitress when she was sixteen to a hostess. However she is thinking of going back to school because she was her daughter to look up to her when her daughter is older. My cousin did not get married and she is not living with her associate. She lives at home with her baby and her moth er. All her time is devoted to her baby however there have been times when she is overwhelmed with the task of bringing up a child and her mother helps her so that she can at least have some time to rest. According to Paiget my cousin is at the stage four which is based on formal operations.At this level problems are now approached using logic, causation and combinational thought. Also individuals at this stage with formal operations can think about their own thoughts, feelings and think about thinking. I think that at this point Paiget is focusing on how we can look back at our past and reflect. My cousin is able to do this now and she now reflects on how her mother raised her so that she can raise her daughter the same way. My cousin constantly worries whether or not she is raising her child in a strait-laced way or to the extent that it is expected of a mother to raise her child.She lives with her mother and her mother helps her by giving her advice from how to nurse the chil d to how to give the baby a bath. My cousins friend had her baby before my cousin and when her friend met my cousins child she was also giving her advice on hoe to take care of the baby. She is acquiring knowledge on how to raise her child from people such as her mother that have had years of experience raising children. Her friend told her that she worries to whether she is taking care of her baby the right way. My cousin has to endure a psychological as well as physical adaptation.Paiget describes adaptation as the process by which structures of the mind develop over time to achieve a better fit with the environment and external reality. My cousin is still eating food in large portions as she did when she was pregnant but now she is drinking more milk because she chose to breastfeed her baby. Therefore she keeps gaining weight and is also emphasise out. As cold as her mental state she is stressed and cannot focus on herself because she is constantly thinking about the well-bein g of her baby. She worries just as much as other mothers do because she wants her baby to be happy.She said that her baby seems to be cranky most of the time and basically she is dedicating all her time to comfort the baby. My cousin had learned to adapt to her new role as a mother and she will need to keep up as the baby goes through different stages of her life. SOCIAL She has not been working since July and her social life is not as it used to be before she had the baby. However she was visited by her godparents and umpteen friends when she brought the baby home. They have showered the baby with gifts and seeing how other people have acted towards the baby makes her happy.My cousin is trying her best to imitate her mother because she loves her mother and wants to follow her advice so that she can raise a happy child. According to the social learning theory behaviors are mediated by thoughts, expectations as well as emotions and stresses the wideness of observational learning or modeling. In my cousins case she sees her mom as a model mom that she wants to imitate. As far as I know my aunt in reality sacrificed a lot so that my cousins could have a better life than the one she had.I have seen how selfless my aunt has been especially with my cousin Carla because she is the youngest one. My cousin wants the approval of her mother in everything she does because she has been very attached to my aunt. Her brother and sister live far away from them. My cousin has kept in touch with her fellow co-workers and many of them came to visit her when she brought the baby home. One of her friends who is a teacher and brought her a huge box of pampers. He also gave her some parenting advice because he, as a father of three, thinks that he has had enough experience with kids.He was very happy to see the baby and many of her friends came to see the baby as well. Even though my cousin has not gone out since she gave birth in November 30th, she has had her friends come over to her place to see the baby. However her weeks have turned into the same routine of just staying at home to take care of her baby. The babys father also visits her but not too often because their relationship is not in good standing. My cousin is trying to be the mother that society expects her to be but most importantly she is trying to imitate her own mother.My aunt is a fervent believer in the Catholic trust and she raised her children in the same faith as she was raised in. All of her three children were baptized, did the communions and attended mass on Sundays. Until this day my aunt does not miss a mass at her topical anaesthetic church. Her children however have not been as devoted as my aunt has been. My cousin Carla stop attending church after her teenage years when she graduated from high school and spent her weekends working. However my aunt always tries to make sure that my cousin does not loose her faith. According to James V.Fowlers theory of faith development my co usin is at the stage 5 which is the individuative-reflective faith. In this stage young adults question the beliefs and stories they have received from family, friends and other social groups. My cousin does not believe everything that my aunt was taught about Catholicism. For example my cousin did not get married and decided to raise a child as a mavin mother. My aunt did not approve of this because she was taught that a woman must be a virgin until she gets married. Her other daughter moved in with her boyfriend and then got married.My aunt did not approve of this either. My aunt believes that salvation is obtained by following the churchs sacraments but my cousin believes that no one really knows how to obtain salvation. She also thinks that God is everywhere and therefore she does not need to attend mass every Sunday. My aunt was raised in a very religious home and in her native country religion plays an important role in life but her children who were raised in the United Stat es have found a way to practice their religion however way they think is the proper way.My cousin plans to baptize her daughter and she has picked the godparents already. My family is from Ecuador which is in Latin the States so that makes us part of the Latino community. My cousin Carla was born in New Jersey. She had to learn about the Ecuadorian culture and the American culture. When she was a kid my aunt would travel with her and her other siblings to Ecuador so that they could visit their grandmother and learn their cultural roots. My cousin had to learn both languages English and Spanish. She now knows them fluently and this has helped her a lot because she was able to make a lot of friends.In Ecuador gender roles are so delineated. Men are expected to work and women are expected to stay at home raising the children. It is not common for females to work outside the home. Most females graduate from high school and after high school they start raising families. My cousin knows b oth cultures but since she was born and raised in the United States she identifies more with the American culture. When her baby gets older she expects to go back to work and even go back to school so that she can be able to provide a better living for both.She is a single mother but has learned a lot from her mother who got divorced from her husband when my cousin was a young child. In conclusion these several aspects of a persons life help us understand how each one relates to the other and how they affect human behavior. Human behavior can be affected by the people we associate with and by the culture we are raised in as well as other factors. These several theories expound in this paper are very helpful to understand why a person behaves a certain way.

The comfort of Stranger by Ian McEwan Essay Example for Free

The comfort of Stranger by Ian McEwan EssayThe passage from The comfort of Stranger by Ian McEwan is a narrative passage which humorously anecdotes about a nave young brother, Robert, and his teenage sisters, Eva and Maria. The nave young brother can be comp ard with the immature sisters who were wearing their lets clothes and cosmetics while they were alone in the house. Later, the male child tells his father everything that happened while they were at home. Not simply to make the readers to laugh, McEwan shows his contempt of the two beautiful sisters, the theme of naivety, unreliability of appearance is prominent throughout the writing. passim the story, Robert seems to be the most important character who allows the writer to reach the climax and create a comic simplicity. As Robert calls his mother Mama and I believed he knew everything, like a god show that the boys ingenuousness makes him unable to tell a lie to his father. This deducts that Roberts characterization emp hasizes the difference between the sisters, Eva and Maria, and comes into an effect of exaggerating the thoughtless action mechanism of the girls.At the same time the author may suggest that the boy is slightly alienated from his siblings. In the last paragraph, fathers action of staring at Robert and request what be in possession of you been doing this afternoon shows that he believes that Robert cannot tell a lie to him and, as expected, Robert tells his father everything what Eva and Maria have done. This is not simply a comic relief and the climax that makes the passage interesting, but an action which shows whether being a nave person and not lying is a good choice or not, after all.In the first off paragraph, McEvan creates a detailed imagery and description of the rising action Eva and Maria wearing cosmetics and trying to look as beautiful as they can. McEvan describes Eva and Maria in Roberts point of view, and mainly uses verbs and nouns white and beautiful are the only adjectives, carefully is the only and one adverb and these were American firm stars is the metaphor that has been employ to describe the girls actions and beauty.Still and all, by spending 13 lines of his passage to describe the sisters, McEvan excludes emotional elements, and makes the rising action awfully long, and persuades the readers to condemn Eva and Marias desire for beautiful appearance. However, if the first paragraph is examined in cold blood, the long account for the actions of Eva and Maria could be biased as the narrator is the young boy who calls his mother Mama. Also, their desire to have better appearances could be understandable for the wealthy teenage school girls.In the last two sentences, McEwan concentrates more in characterizing the Eva and Maria to suggest the unreliability of appearances. In the third paragraph, Eva and Maria put the clothes back to where they were, and opens the window to make sure that their mother does not realize that her perfume has been sprayed. The girls tried to stag their mother and father and change to their normal clothes. Suddenly the beautiful women had become my sisters again suggests how easy it is to deceive appearance of human and other objects. Furthermore, the girls, who just had beautiful appearances, behaved as if nothing had happened, and denied what Robert told to his father. Therefore, the writer gives an evidence of how simple it is to deceive with the appearances, but not as simple and easy it is to deceive with the emotions.Compared with the first paragraph, the last two paragraphs are relatively shorter in length. The second paragraph is the shortest one that illustrates Eva and Maria putting the clothes, powder and lipstick to where they were at the beginning. In the third paragraph, the plot unfolds rapidly, and creates suspense when Robert reveals what had happened in the afternoon. Thus, the author is suggesting how fast and easy it is to deceive the in visual way and at the same tim e, how the truth can never be deceived completely.Most of the readers would regulate this passage hilarious, and at the same time, they might feel not so sympathetic toward Eva and Maria. However, most of the readers probably have experienced a similar daub which Robert or Eva and Maria are in. Therefore, the author could be telling the readers to have a flashback of a situation where they were Robert or Eva and Maria, and consider if they were trying to lie and deceive other person.

Inflation and Fiscal Policy in the UAE

Inflation and Fiscal Policy in the UAETable of Contents (jump to)1. Inflation in that existing economy then suggested an applicable solutions to cope these statementPolitical and Social StabilityOil and mineral ResourcesAgricultural Resources2. Evaluate advantage and disadvantages of the current monetary policy and monetary policy being implemented in the elect country3. Find out and explain the effectiveness of various economic result reforms that were carried out in the past yearsDubai to preserve % gross domestic product growth in 2014DH953.2 Billion gross domestic product estimates at current 2013Abu dhabis GDP up 5.6% in 2012Contribution of extractive industries to Abu Dhabis GDP amounted to 5% in 20114. Examine the effect of the balance of payment on the exchange grade in the chosen country explaining. How the chosen country manages its foreign debt1. Inflation in that existing economy then suggested an applicable solutions to cope these statementThirty years digest the UAE was one of the slightest created nations of the world. To twenty-four hour period, it has attained a wage level practically identical to that of the industrialized countries. The UAE did not pass through the speculative advancement organizes that most created nations expect to have encountered. Rather, its extensive fossil oil incomes have permitted her to jump these stages to the phase of steep mass utilization. Monstrous oil incomes have empowered the UAE to alternate way the radiation patternly troublesome and languish procedure of sparing and capital amassing important for financial improvement. Given a wealth of common asset blessings (oil and assail), the UAE has grasped asset based mercenary ventures (RBI) as an advancement procedure, a mechanical technique that is focused around use of characteristic assets. There has been a sending of windfall wage, to a owing(p) extent coordinated at a for the last time help to the social and enthronisation foundation, which e mpowered the UAE to attain a critical level of investment advancement deep buck the exact concise time period of 1973 to 1982, a period of moderately high oil costs (Kandil, Morsy, 2011). Prior to the disclosure and eff of oil, the economy of the Trucial States (which today structure the UAE) depended predominantly on subsistence tillage, itinerant creature cultivation, the concentrating of pearls and the exchange pearls, angling, and marine. The period before the revelation of oil, hence, reflected the nations restricted regular assets, and brought about a basic subsistence economy (Kandil, Morsy, 2011).Political and Social StabilitySince its shaping in 1971 the UAE has appreciated a political steadiness. The current political structures seem to suit the tribal pop culture of the UAE and the dissemination of immense oil incomes as social and financial base, high salarys, an elevated expectation of social administrations, for example, wellbeing and training has elevated the expectation for all(prenominal)day comforts for UAE nationals and impressively decreased the probability of inward political and social turmoil. It is worth saying that the UAE Government has kept up a generally decent record on human rights since the creation of the state. This thus has pushed political and social strength (Almulali, Sab, Binti, 2011). The UAE is a dynamic part of numerous churl and universal affiliations, for example, the Middle Easterner League, the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Arab Gulf Cooperation Gathering, and the Organization of the Islamic Conference.Oil and Mineral ResourcesThe UAE is blessed with incomprehensible stores of oil, both seaward and coastal. Co partnered gas from raw petroleum generation and non-partnered gas is likewise created. Since the early 1970s the UAEs incredible development has depended to a great extent on the revelation and mistreat of oil. The oil and gas commercial ventures are generally overseen and the most recent innovation is persistently tackled to build beneficial productivity. As indicated by the UAE Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, the UAE most extreme reasonable both day limit of oil generation (greatest creation rate that might be managed day by day for one year in current states of misuse) is 2 million barrels a day (Almulali, Sab, Binti, 2011).Agricultural ResourcesThe aggregate zone of area under farming and ranger service constitutes short of what 1.5 for both(prenominal) penny of the aggregate area territory of the UAE. Agribusiness has made just a little commitment to GDP (3.8 for every penny in 1999). There has, notwithstanding, been a reliable and probatory expand in the measure of area committed to horticulture and ranger service in the course of recent years as the aftereffect of supported exertions by the UAE Government to advertise farming improvement utilizing the accompanying motivations (Osman, Louis, Balli, 2009)Agricultural plots are conceded allowed to any UAE national. basis is leveled and arranged mechanically for nothing.Production inputs, for example, seeds, manures, and insect sprays are given at half cost.Water wells are bored free of charge.There is procurement of free specialized administrations, for example, establishment of water pumps (Osman, Louis, Balli, 2009).2. Evaluate advantage and disadvantages of the current fiscal policy and monetary policy being implemented in the chosen countryRegardless of the UAEs pay rates positioning higher than the worldwide normal, supplementary expenses excessively are shooting up. As indicated by Dubai Statistics Center, on the preface of purchaser value information, expansion in Dubai rose to its most elevated amount in the most recent four years in October. lodge and utility expenses, which represents just about 44 for every penny of purchaser costs, processioned 3.2 for every penny year-on-year and 0.2 for every penny month-on-month individually in October. Despite the situation that sustenance and drink costs climbed by 1.8 for every penny yearly, October costs fell 0.4 for every penny from the past month (Osman, Louis, Balli, 2009). In a Bayt.com compensation study of UAE experts, discharged not foresightful ago, 28 for every penny of experts said their compensations expanded just hardly while an alternate 28 for every penny sayed a moderate build.Around 19 for every penny of respondents said there was no change. The greater part of experts reviewed ascribed their pay climb to swelling and the climbing average cost for basic items while around 80 for every penny said that climbing rents constituted a significant a piece of their surviving costs. Be that as it may as business certainty gets in front of the Expo 2020 offer, Dubais lopsided climb in compensations in connection with rents could go about as a focused disservice in holding ability at later stages. It is important that as per the Bayt.com MENA Salary Survey (May 2013), 47 for every penny of UAE respondents accept that their steadfastness is 70 to100 for every penny connected to their compensation, consequently showing that pay is a key driver for corporate faithfulness for a lions share, said Suhail Masri, VP of offers, Bayt.com (al-Awad, 2013). This general pattern is seen over the Middle East that organizations must start to address in doing thus, they will have the capacity to help building worker steadfastness and fulfillment, and will have the chance to decrease the amount of representatives looking to change employments inside the one year from now. Masri said that in spite of the lodging remittance given to UAE workers being the third most astounding in the district, climbing living expenses for occupants are a reason for concern.3. Find out and explain the effectiveness of various economic growth reforms that were carried out in the past yearsDubai to sustain % GDP growth in 2014Billions of dollars worth of realty ventures to help economy Dubais economy is relied upon to develop around five for every penny not long from now, a comparable pace to 2013, the leader of its detail office said on Monday. Development in the Gulf emirate, the districts exchange and business center, grabbed firmly a year ago, floated by the possibility of government land ventures worth many billions of dollars. It is normal that development will arrive at around five for every penny in 2013, official chief Arif Obaid Al Muhairi said on the Dubai Statistics the economy developed around 4.5 for every penny in the initial cabaret months of a year ago, he said. Dubai represents a quarter of yield of the UAE economy, with oil-fueled Abu Dhabi in charge of around 65 for every penny (al-Awad, 2013). The UAE, one of the worlds top oil exporters, has yet to discharge 2013 GDP information.DH953.2 Billion GDP estimates at current 2013The Statistics Center-Abu Dhabi (SCAD) affirmed yesterday throughout a question and answer session held at the Abu Dhabi Econo mic Media Club, the last comes about and budgetary studies for 2012, which registered the GDP for the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and GDP gauges for 2013 (al-Awad, 2013). The Conference was gone to by Mr. Nasser Dayan, Director of Economic Statistics Department, Dr. Mohammed Al Dhaheri, Director of Field Surveys, Ms. Shamma Al Rumaithi, Director of National Accounts, and Mr. Osama Al Zugbi, Assistant Director of Economic Statistics Department. Mr. Nasser Dayan expressed that the vital comes about and assessments arrived at by SCAD on investment advancements in Abu Dhabi a year ago demonstrated that all financial exercises and divisions, oil and non-oil, accomplished development (Termos, Naufal, Genc, 2013).Abu dhabis GDP up 5.6% in 2012In its yearly report for 2012, the Department ascribed the slower development in 2012 to the slight climb in the oil division in both creation and costs contrasted and 2011. It demonstrated Abu Dhabis rightful(a) GDP remained at Dh678 billion in 2012 and said that notwithstanding the loosening development in 2012, Abu Dhabis economy kept up its recuperated and came back to its solid pace, exploiting the knock-down(a) enhancement methodology received by the emirates legislature as of late. The report demonstrated the oil division accomplished a 3.8 for every penny on-key development in 2012, which was lower than past rates acknowledged by the action throughout 2010 and 2011 (Termos, Naufal, Genc, 2013).Interestingly, non-oil exercises reinforce the increases accomplished over the recent years, and transformed into a solid mainstay of budgetary execution in the emirate, it said. Non-oil investment exercises recorded true development of 7.7 for every penny in 2012, contrasted with 6.7 for every penny and 6.1 for every penny in 2011 and 2010 separately. This considered absolutely the commitment of non-oil exercises to the true GDP of the Emirate, which rose to 48 for every penny in 2012 contrasted with 44 for every penny in 2007. A br eakdown demonstrated the land division developed by 16.7 for every penny in 2012, as an immediate consequence of the noteworthy convalescence of offers exercises in the land part in the Emirate (Basher, Elsamadisy, 2012). The assembling division stretched by 9.7 for every penny to a record Dh41.5 billion, the report indicatedContribution of extractive industries to Abu Dhabis GDP amounted to 5% in 2011The extractive business is the spine of the economy of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and a standout amongst the most vital parts of the national pay of the emirate, where oil incomes are utilized inwardly development of base tasks, and in addition other monster national commercial enterprises. The commitment of extractive industry to the GDP of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi arrived at 58.5% in 2011, as an aftereffect of high oil costs in world markets, and the expand in creation of oil in Abu Dhabi. OPEC normal oil value rose from Us$77.45 for every barrel in 2010 to Us$107.46 for every barr el in 2011 (Basher, Elsamadisy, 2012).Aggregate Fixed Capital Formation The aggregate altered capital framing in the extractive business movement rose from Dh 7.8 billion in 2006 to Dh 48.8 billion in 2011 at a yearly development rate of 44% on normal throughout the period, while colonized capital shaping in the action developed by 11.6% in 2011 (Hamaideh, 2010).4. Examine the effect of the balance of payment on the exchange rates in the chosen country explaining. How the chosen country manages its foreign debtConversion scale administrations can harshly be characterized into three classifications settled (pegged), adaptable (gliding) and moderate administrations. Before 1970s, most economies worked under settled conversion standard administration known as the Bretton-Woods framework. Under this framework, nations altered their trade rates against US dollar and the dollar was worth a settled measure of gold. All taking part impressage were certainly pegged to the gold. The framewo rk was broken down following 25 years (1946-1971) yet the arrangement of altered conversion scale remained the favored administration in numerous nations. The fundamental inspiration for property trade rates settled is the conviction that a stable swapping scale can encourage exchange and speculation streams between nations by diminishing variances in relative costs and by lessening vulnerability (Hamaideh, 2010). Since 1971, economies have been moving towards adaptable conversion standard administrations, where the estimation of the cash is controlled by the business. In this setting, the residential coin, all else equivalent, devalues when interest for the remote money expands or supply of the outside cash diminishes and acknowledges when interest for the outside coin abatements or supply of the remote coin builds (Hamaideh, 2010).ReferencesKandil, M., Morsy, H. (2011). Determinants of Inflation in GCC.Middle East Development Journal,3(02), 141-158. http//www.worldscientific.com /doi/abs/10.1142/S1793812011000351Almulali, U., Sab, C., Binti, C. N. (2011). The impact of oil prices on the real exchange rate of the dirham a fibre study of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).OPEC Energy Review,35(4), 384-399. http//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.17530237.2011.00198.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=userIsAuthenticated=falseOsman, M. A., Louis, R. J., Balli, F. (2009). Output gap and inflation nexus the case of United Arab Emirates.International Journal of Economics and strain Research,1(1), 118-135. http//inderscience.metapress.com/content/h815u130l51p1493/al-Awad, M. M. (2013). Ex Ante Inflation Rates in the UAE. http//repository.yu.edu.jo/handle/123456789/535773Termos, A., Naufal, G., Genc, I. (2013). Remittance outflows and inflation The case of the GCC countries.Economics Letters,120(1), 45-47. http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176513001468Basher, S. A., Elsamadisy, E. M. (2012). Country heterogeneity and longrun determinan ts of inflation in the Gulf Arab states.OPEC Energy Review,36(2), 170-203. http//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1753-0237.2011.00208.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=userIsAuthenticated=falseHamaideh, M. E. (2010).A Risk Management Strategy To Hedge Projects Against Cost Escalation Caused By footing Inflation(Doctoral dissertation, British University in Dubai). http//bspace.buid.ac.ae/handle/1234/328

Why women should choose to reintegrate into a society

Why wo workforce should choose to reintegrate into a societyThis major question raised in 2006 is perhaps unmatched of the first concerns of Pat Carlens feminist support. Strongly opposed to women in prison house state of affairs, she is widely regarded as one of the worlds leading experts on iniquity, sex activity and punishment.iCarlen has put by dint of c atomic number 18er as a Professor of Sociology at Bath Universityiiand before was an Honorary Professor of Criminology of Keele where she was founded and was Head of the Department of Criminology as well as visit Professor of Criminology at Westminster University, London. In addition to the above she was a ingredient of both the Commissioning Panel and the Steering Committee of the ESRC Crime and Social wander Programme 1992-1997. Moreover, she is a founder member of the campaigning group Women in Prison created in1983. The group consisted of the first step to a long term and rough-cut attempt to reduce number and theoriz e and balance specific needs of female prisonsiii.Pat Carlen is a leading scholar in the area of women and punishment. In 1997 she was awarded the Sellin-Glueck Prize by the American Society of Criminology for outstanding international contri providedions to the do mainiv. Carlen devoted her life in researching a wide range of criminological moments however, she compassionately focused on analysing the penal control of women and matters surrounding their imprisonment. She found her inspiration in the unfair and striking features of womens imprisonment determinationv. True to her beliefs she illustrated the path towards the considerations for the abolition of womens imprisonment. In formulating her intellects she discussed some of prisons abolitions traditional and contemporary enemies after researching and inter lieuing people in the domainvi.Adrion Howe argues that the work of Pat Carlen be possessed of commenced a process which volition at long digest fundamentally transfo rm critical analyses of punishment regimes. However, processes in this direction have been slow and the work of Carlen on insisting that women prisoners be handled as a take worth of study and change was exemplaryvii.In 1983 Carlen wrote a book, Womens shackles, about Cornton Vale, Scotlands only prison for women. She did the research and as she said wrote the book as one off without expecting to do whatever further research on prisons. What really changed her mind was her meeting later in 1983 with an ex-prisoner, Chris Tchaicowsky, who at the time was the founder member of Women in Prison leading campaigns for women notwithstanding coiled up in prisons. She invited Carlen to join after reading her book. The task of the group was to raise public awareness of women in prisons via many ways. Carlen mostly helped in writing books and articles, helping the campaigning group to be bornviii.Classicists like Emile Durkheim fire the issue believing that the function of punishment is the promotion of social harmony with the exclusion of deviant persons from society and the transfer of moral identity to society. Womens Imprisonment is, nowadays, characterised by discontinuities, contradictions, fragmentation and transformation. Modern approaches rooted to crime reduction. Carlen in Analyzing Womens Imprisonment raised the question as to whether crime reduction will be achieved by increased use of imprisonment. Her approach on that issue was that sending a wrongdoer to prison may aggravate rather than ameliorate the psychological, economic and social factors which purpose woman to criminal activityix. A radical prison critic is that it was never used for punishment of all serious crimes but also to storehouse the poor, unemployed and mentally ill.In 1981, Carlen direct a survey and questioned Scottish magistrates and judges about womens imprisonment, receiving replies determining the reasons why a woman would go to prison. The answers consisted of whether she was a good mother, how ordered her life was, if she has a husband, if she has any children, whether she has abandoned her husband or her children are already in Care or if she was battered. Women like that are more than likely to be move to prison. However, these myths along with many other stereotypes about women offenders has had bad effects on prison regimes,xresulting to prejudice on sentence over women of the above categoriesxi. British jurist is supposed to be not only gender-neutral but also colour blindxii. Yet, this is not true when it comes to women imprisonment. People awarding sentence are more likely to convict women from ethnic minorities or young women. Thus, is racism the key to increase of female prison people?Early reformers such as caper Howard and Elizabeth Fry attempted to campaign for the segregation of female from male prisonersxiiiand different prison regimes for women but at the end the results of their efforts were not satisfactory. Pat Carlen continues on the same path in order to ameliorate the conditions that surround womens imprisonment in nowadays. Is it fair to start imprisonment reduction with women?A very small nub of violent crime is committed by women and females commit crime in very different circumstances to men. Carlens investigation showed that women mostly commit crime in relation to drugs, fraud or theft. The majority of British women prisoners have not been goaled because of the seriousness of their crimes but because of their abnormal domestic circumstances or less than stodgy life styles. A strong argument over womens imprisonment consist the failure of the non-penal welfare or health institutions to cope with their problems. Prisons are the only places that cannot respond to take those women for whom neither the health nor the welfare services will take responsibility still if they had committed the most minor crime. As prison officers advised Carlen in her research, prisons are not equipped to cope with the problems from which every other agency is copping out. This leads to the increase of the prison population. Between the years 1993-2001 the population increased by over 145 %xiv. In the previous ten years the women population in prisons doubled and male increased by approximately 50%.Additionally, women prisoners take to the woods to be isolated from their families imposing significant pain of imprisonment with the loss of their role as mothers. Furthermore, women generally are badly treated by the officers and the prison staff, when it comes to gynecological requirements (handcuffed in labor and during transfer or treatment to hospital, drug virginal inspections). In addition, one of the prisons roles is to help prisoners to cope with the new life they will come across after release, nevertheless only few rehabilitation regimes exist. An ex-prisoner told Carlen that in order to keep them out (criminals) we should give them something outside. Otherwise, a life of survive in there foreseems preferable to life out here where there is just nothingxv. Clive Soley agreed with Carlens findings and added that if society actually wants to improve the situation, must dance band as its priority the preparation for releasexvi.Pat Carlen admits that womens crime is less serious and not threatening to the public even after their release from prison, as well as the fact that only few prison escapes have occurred involving women and it is not unusual for most of them to voluntarily return to face their punishmentxvii. afterward making a lot of research and analysing the circumstances under women get to live with in prisons has come to the conclusion that prison is not only damaging during the course of sentence, but once coming out it has other problems as well. Her research and findings made her develop the idea discovering possible alternatives. Pat Carlen, points out that the main cause of the crime is the relationship between the offender and the community and bel ieves that the only cure also lies in the same relationshipxviii. Alternatives to imprisonments should include any curriculum of intervention likely to deter someone from future criminal activity. She continues to strongly analyse the possible future alternatives as her main contribution.Harris, a commentator, came to add to Carlens position of alternatives by pointing out that part of the problem is that it is unclear what the punter treatment of women actually meansxix. This is true as there are no gender specific sentences. Carlen also considered whether reform or abolition of womens imprisonment would be appropriate. As the main intention of her book Sledgehammer she argues that womens imprisonment in England and Wales at the end of the 20th century is excessively punitive totally inappropriate to the needs of the women organism sent to prison and is ready for abolition in its personate form. However, she came to argue that reform might be impossible to achieve and will alway s lead to the abandonment of imprisonment as punishment for minor offences. Eventually, is better to do something than nothing. Prison is to punish and within that context all reforms had to be thoughtxx.In 1997, Carlen gave some politico-philosophical justifications for imprisonment in order to clear up the primary aims it should have. However, the following no longer apply. She starts stating that the government has an obligation to wipe state clean making wrongdoers pay for their offences in applying the eye for an eye philosophy. Additionally, she verbalised that prisons can be used to improve peoples characters and teach them useful and new skills that could be helpful to lead new lives according to the law after their release. Imprisonment also can be said to prevent criminals to recommit a crime in the future on top of deterring others tempted to commit a crime. In this manner crime rates lower and public is protectedxxi. Carlen proposes an idea for a more productive reducti on of the female population. In her point of view sentencers should be required to justify to a Sentencing Council all custodial sentences and remand of who appropriate the offence was in relation to the offender in addition to any pre existing criteria for the award after their examination. Other requirements are for sentencers to state what they hope to achieve by the custodial sentence awarded and finally to induct the calculations of what the total be are likely to be. The aim behind her proposition is to make courts to think twice before sending someone into prison as they should publicize what they are doingxxii. Moreover, there is still the need for gender-tested and ethnicity-tested regimes that will ensure that some groups do not have a greater impact. Other ways that reduction of population can be achieved is if the society took certain measures to battle poverty and inequality as well as diminishing sexism and racism that result in tell sentencingxxiii.After considerin g the situation of the day the criminologist saw three possible future scenarios governing womens imprisonment in Britain. Firstly, more of the same circumstances, however, getting worse as the female prison population will rise. The second scenario involves less of the same other than with more experimentation with progressive projects resulting to changeable number on womens population. The last scenario that she encounters is the reduction on womens imprisonment. This scenario contains close regulations for the womens law breaking actions leading to the abolishment of the situation as it was known until thenxxiv. She supported the view of abolishing womens imprisonment for an experimental period of 5 years. For that period of time imprisonment should not be considered as one of the normal punishment for women and that a maximum of only degree Celsius custodial places should be retained for female offenders convicted of abnormally serious offences. If accused so, they should onl y be imprisoned after their case was referred by a test judge to a Sentencing Council who would make the final adjudication. Moreover, her proposition involved undertaking of fund and far-reaching examination of all sentencing.Her proposal for abolition was greeted with a certain measuring rod of skepticism. One radio interviewer asked if male burglars should retire knowing that their wives or girlfriends could carry on the business with impunity. This is clearly ironical however, is it entirely a false approach? As a Senior Official in the Home Office added to Carlens proposition What we want is smaller open prisons in the community and in an urban context. Over this point, the courts support an anti-feminist approach if you women wanted equality, youve got to take itxxv. The criminologists, Deborah Baskin and Ira Sommers, acceptably, point out that Carlen does not explain how womens criminal careers are circumscribed specifically by genderxxvi. Furthermore, they add that she doe s not distinguish the gender specific ways in which women are exploited and controlled by familialism and consumerism. Baskin and Sommers also argue that Carlens repetition of the unoriginal and functionalist rhetoric that only women experience dual exploitation in the public and private spheres adds little to the analysis. On the other hand, they furthermore continue to disagree that Carlen fails to see that working class men also have to make class gender deals which include being regulated within family. Briefly, Carlens analysis does not shroud the precise ways in which social reactions are gender specific and thus affect womens lives differently from mensxxvii.Pat Carlen characterise herself as not a prison abolitionist in the sense that she can easily envisage a time when it will not be considered necessary to have prisons and lock up certain offenders as a matter of public safetyxxviii. Abolition is not a thread to the public. The whole situation leaves the state with the preference to continuingly misuse millions of pounds on prisons or taking daring steps to stop legislators and sentencers seeing prison as being the absolute panacea for all political and social ills and instead consider it as an abnormal and unusual punishementxxix. Joe Sim added to the abolition argument that abolitionists ideas should not be dismissed as idealistic and utopian but rather should be understoodxxx. In the 1990s Carlen thought of some further developments including educational initiatives, personal officer scheme, introduction of sentence planning, opening up prisons. Nonetheless, many of these already exist only in name on paper or defunctxxxi. In 2006 she returned to the argument of abolition and noted that abolitionists have a number of enemies, and populist politicians are the greatest. Women imprisonment should be abolished as an experiment that will later follow in being applied to men as well. It started its test on women as they are considered to have non-thr eatening criminal profilesxxxii.Even if researches have taken place, nowadays, womens imprisonment involves as many inhumanities as ever. This occurs as there is a serious lack of attention from research. Carlen emphasized on the differential experiences of criminal justice and criminality encountered by females in comparison to malesxxxiii. She is bewilder to know what more can be done to make changes needed in order for womens imprisonment in 21st century to stop being the disgrace that used to be in the 20th century. During most of the 20th century women in prison tended to be invisible prisoners, the women whom nobody wanted and to the highest degree everyone had forgotten. At the beginning of the 21st century the prison is as much a set of all kinds of social production as it has ever been. Although, they still represent a very small proportion of the prison population, there is no rational reason why that proportion should not be even smaller. Instead, it is slowly but surel y increasing and this is not a problem being limited in England and Wales. The criminologist insisted in her diary that there must be an alternative and that the womens system has no management strategy and no structure to hold onxxxiv. The best regimes can do is ameliorate the worst effects. Thus, as Worrall also confirmed, crime will be broken by a government honest enough to admit that prison does not work and sufficiently courageous to accept that prison is itself part of crime problem rather than part of the solutionxxxv. All the above ideas can be dragged from the historical idea that prisons make bad people worsexxxvi.In conclusion, Pat Carlens contribution to criminology was enormous in relation to female offenders and their imprisonment. Her main aim in the sector was to ameliorate the present circumstances affecting womens imprisonment. She devoted her work in researching and interviewing people the area considering prisons in order to find the roots of the problem. This w ould later make her able to combat the obstacles and reach a more compromising situation. Many found her work inspiring. Nonetheless, others found that it lacks focus on certain areas. Her contribution pronounced the beginning of slow and steady developments in the field. On the other hand, the study of womens imprisonment has still a long way to go.